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<title>Muscari</title>

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Muscari

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Muscari

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="Muscari_neglectum" title="Muscari neglectum">M. neglectum</a>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a>

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<td>Kingdom:

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<td><a href="Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a>

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<td>Clade:

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<td><a href="Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a>

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<td>Clade:

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<td><a href="Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a>

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<td>Clade:

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<td><a href="Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocots</a>

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<td>Order:

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<td><a href="Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a>

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<td>Family:

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<td><a href="Asparagaceae" title="Asparagaceae">Asparagaceae</a>

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<td>Subfamily:

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<td><a href="Scilloideae" title="Scilloideae">Scilloideae</a>

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<td>Genus:

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a>

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="Muscari_botryoides" title="Muscari botryoides">Muscari botryoides</a> <div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a>) <a href="Philip_Miller" title="Philip Miller">Mill.</a></div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Species

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See text

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><a href="#cite_note-powo-1">[1]</a>

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<ul><li>Botryanthus Kunth</li>

<li>Botrycomus Fourr.</li>

<li>Botryphile Salisb.</li>

<li>Comus Salisb.</li>

<li>Czekelia Schur</li>

<li>Etheiranthus Kostel.</li>

<li>Eubotrys Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 3: 5 (1837), nom. superfl.</li>

<li>Eubotrys Raf. in Autik. Bot.: 124, 139 (1840), nom. superfl.</li>

<li>Leopoldia Parl.</li>

<li>Moscharea Salisb.</li>

<li>Pelotris Raf.</li>

<li>Pseudomuscari Garbari & Greuter</li></ul>

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Muscari is a <a href="Genus_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Genus (biology)">genus</a> of <a href="Perennial" title="Perennial">perennial</a> <a href="Bulb" title="Bulb">bulbous</a> plants native to <a href="Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> that produce spikes of dense, most commonly blue, urn-shaped <a href="Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a> resembling bunches of <a href="Grape" title="Grape">grapes</a> in the spring. The common name for the genus is grape hyacinth, but they should not be confused with <a href="Hyacinth_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyacinth (plant)">hyacinths</a>. A number of species of Muscari are used as <a href="Ornamental_plant" title="Ornamental plant">ornamental</a> garden plants.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div>

The genus Muscari originated in the <a href="Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a>, including the Mediterranean basin, central and Southern Europe, Northern Africa, Western, Central and Southwest Asia. It has become naturalized elsewhere, including Northern Europe and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-KewWC_M-2">[2]</a>

<a href="Brian_Mathew" title="Brian Mathew">Brian Mathew</a> says that many species of grape hyacinths are difficult to distinguish.<a href="#cite_note-Mathew1987-3">[3]</a> They usually have one or more narrow leaves which arise from a bulb. The flowers appear in the spring and form a spike or <a href="Raceme" title="Raceme">raceme</a>, being held in a close or loose spiral around a central stalk. The flowers often become less tightly spaced as the flower matures. The flower colour varies from pale blue to a very dark blue, almost black in some cases (albino forms are also known). In some species, the upper flowers may be of a colour or shape different from the lower flowers. Individual flowers are composed of six fused tepals forming a spherical to obovoid shape, constricted at the end to form a mouth around which the ends of the tepals show as small lobes or "teeth", which may be of a color different from the rest of the tepal.<a href="#cite_note-Mathew1987-3">[3]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2></div>

The use of muscari as part of the name of at least some of the species included in the modern genus can be traced back to <a href="Carolus_Clusius" title="Carolus Clusius">Carolus Clusius</a> in 1601, long before the modern <a href="International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae%2C_fungi%2C_and_plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants">rules of botanical nomenclature</a> were established.<a href="#cite_note-GarbariGreuter1970-4">[4]</a> In 1753, <a href="Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> used the name Hyacinthus muscari for the plant now called <a href="Muscari_racemosum" title="Muscari racemosum">Muscari racemosum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KewWC_Mr-5">[5]</a> In 1754 <a href="Philip_Miller" title="Philip Miller">Philip Miller</a> formally established the genus Muscari according to modern rules of nomenclature.<a href="#cite_note-GarbariGreuter1970-4">[4]</a> The name muscari comes from the Greek muschos, musk, referring to the scent.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Miller did not designate a type species, although the etymology of the genus name points to the species Linnaeus called Hyacinthus muscari (a.k.a. Muscari racemosum).<a href="#cite_note-GarbariGreuter1970-4">[4]</a> Britton & Brown (1913), Garbari & Greuter (1970), Speta (1982), and Böhnert et al. (2023) accept Muscari botryoides as the type species.<a href="#cite_note-Bohnert-7">[7]</a>

Classified in the <a href="Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="Asparagaceae" title="Asparagaceae">Asparagaceae</a>, subfamily <a href="Scilloideae" title="Scilloideae">Scilloideae</a>,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> the genus was formerly placed in the <a href="Liliaceae" title="Liliaceae">Liliaceae</a> as a member of the tribe <a href="Hyacintheae" title="Hyacintheae">Hyacintheae</a>. The genus was at one time divided into four groups or subgenera: Botryanthus, Pseudomuscari, Leopoldia, and Muscarimia.<a href="#cite_note-Mathew1987-3">[3]</a> Some authorities recognize <a href="Leopoldia" title="Leopoldia">Leopoldia</a> and <a href="Pseudomuscari" title="Pseudomuscari">Pseudomuscari</a> as separate genera. In 2023 Böhnert et al. published the results of a phylogenetic analysis of Muscari and its segregate genera. They found Muscari a "very natural group", with five distinct clades – Leopoldia, Muscari, Muscarimia, Pseudomuscari, and Pulchella – which they recognize as subgenera.<a href="#cite_note-Bohnert-7">[7]</a> <a href="Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a> recognizes Muscarimia as a separate genus, with two species – Muscarimia macrocarpa and M. muscari (syn. Muscari racemosum).<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Species">Species</h3></div>

As of July 2025, Plants of the World Online accepted 85 species.<a href="#cite_note-powo-1">[1]</a>

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<ul><li>Muscari adilii M.B.Güner & H.Duman</li>

<li>Muscari albiflorum (Täckh. & Boulos) Hosni</li>

<li>Muscari alpanicum Schchian</li>

<li>Muscari anatolicum Cowley & Özhatay</li>

<li><a href="Muscari_armeniacum" title="Muscari armeniacum">Muscari armeniacum</a> Leichtlin ex Baker</li>

<li>Muscari artvinense Demirci & E.Kaya</li>

<li>Muscari atillae Yıldırım</li>

<li>Muscari atlanticum Boiss. & Reut.</li>

<li><a href="Muscari_aucheri" title="Muscari aucheri">Muscari aucheri</a> (Boiss.) Baker</li>

<li><a href="Muscari_azureum" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscari azureum">Muscari azureum</a> Fenzl</li>

<li>Muscari babachii Eker & Koyuncu</li>

<li>Muscari baeticum Blanca</li>

<li>Muscari bicolor Boiss.</li>

<li><a href="Muscari_botryoides" title="Muscari botryoides">Muscari botryoides</a> (L.) Mill.</li>

<li>Muscari bourgaei Baker</li>

<li>Muscari caucasicum (Griseb.) Baker</li>

<li>Muscari cazorlanum C.Soriano, Rivas Ponce, R.Lozano & Ruíz Rejón</li>

<li>Muscari coeleste Fomin</li>

<li>Muscari coeruleum Losinsk.</li>

<li><a href="Muscari_commutatum" title="Muscari commutatum">Muscari commutatum</a> Guss.</li>

<li><a href="Muscari_comosum" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscari comosum">Muscari comosum</a> (L.) Mill.</li>

<li>Muscari cycladicum P.H.Davis & D.C.Stuart</li>

<li>Muscari discolor Boiss. & Hausskn.</li>

<li>Muscari dolichanthum Woronow & Tron </li>

<li>Muscari eburneum (Eig & Feinbrun) D.C.Stuart</li>

<li>Muscari elmasii Yıldırım</li>

<li>Muscari erdalii Özhatay & Demirci</li>

<li>Muscari erzincanicum Eker</li>

<li>Muscari fatmacereniae Eker</li>

<li>Muscari fertile Ravenna</li>

<li>Muscari filiforme Ravenna</li>

<li>Muscari forniculatum Fomin</li>

<li>Muscari ghouschtchiense (Jafari & Maassoumi) Böhnert</li>

<li>Muscari grandifolium Baker</li>

<li><a href="Muscari_gussonei" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscari gussonei">Muscari gussonei</a> (Parl.) Nyman</li>

<li>Muscari haradjianii Briq. ex Rech.f.</li>

<li>Muscari heldreichii Boiss.</li>

<li>Muscari hermonense Ravenna</li>

<li>Muscari hierosolymitanum Ravenna</li>

<li>Muscari inconstrictum Rech.f.</li>

<li>Muscari inundatum Yıldırım & Eker</li>

<li>Muscari kerkis Karlén</li>

<li>Muscari kurdicum Maroofi</li>

<li><a href="Muscari_latifolium" title="Muscari latifolium">Muscari latifolium</a> J.Kirk.</li>

<li>Muscari lazulinum Ravenna</li>

<li>Muscari longipes Boiss.</li>

<li>Muscari longistylum (Täckh. & Boulos) Hosni</li>

<li>Muscari macbeathianum Kit Tan</li>

<li><a href="Muscari_macrocarpum" title="Muscari macrocarpum">Muscari macrocarpum</a> Sweet (accepted as Muscarimia macrocarpa (Sweet) Garbari by Plants of the World Online)</li>

<li><a href="Muscari_maritimum" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscari maritimum">Muscari maritimum</a> Desf.</li>

<li>Muscari massayanum C.Grunert</li>

<li>Muscari matritense Ruíz Rejón, Pascual, C.Ruíz Rejón, Valdés & J.L.Oliv.</li>

<li>Muscari microstomum P.H.Davis & D.C.Stuart</li>

<li>Muscari mirum Speta</li>

<li>Muscari muglaense Eker, H.Duman & Yıldırım</li>

<li>Muscari nazimiyense Yıld. & Kılıç</li>

<li><a href="Muscari_neglectum" title="Muscari neglectum">Muscari neglectum</a> Guss. ex Ten. & Sangiov.</li>

<li>Muscari neumannii (Böhnert & Lobin) Böhnert</li>

<li>Muscari olivetorum Blanca, Ruíz Rejón & Suár.-Sant.</li>

<li>Muscari pallens (M.Bieb.) Fisch.</li>

<li>Muscari pamiryigidii Eker</li>

<li><a href="Muscari_parviflorum" title="Muscari parviflorum">Muscari parviflorum</a> Desf.</li>

<li><a href="Muscari_pseudomuscari" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscari pseudomuscari">Muscari pseudomuscari</a> (Boiss. & Buhse) Wendelbo</li>

<li>Muscari pseudopallens Eker, Yıldırım & Armağan</li>

<li>Muscari pulchellum Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss.</li>

<li><a href="Muscari_racemosum" title="Muscari racemosum">Muscari racemosum</a> Mill. (accepted as <a href="Muscarimia_muscari" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscarimia muscari">Muscarimia muscari</a> (L.) Losinsk. by Plants of the World Online)</li>

<li>Muscari sabihapinariae Eroglu, Pinar & Fidan</li>

<li>Muscari salah-eidii (Täckh. & Boulos) Hosni</li>

<li>Muscari sandrasicum Karlén</li>

<li>Muscari savranii Uysal & Dogu</li>

<li>Muscari serpentinicum Yıldırım, Altioglu & Pirhan</li>

<li>Muscari sintenisii Freyn</li>

<li>Muscari sivrihisardaghlarensis Yild. & B.Selvi</li>

<li>Muscari spreizenhoferi (Heldr. ex Osterm.) H.R.Wehrh.</li>

<li>Muscari stenanthum Freyn</li>

<li>Muscari tabrizianum (Jafari) Böhnert</li>

<li>Muscari tauricum Demirci, Özhatay & E.Kaya</li>

<li>Muscari tavoricum Ravenna</li>

<li>Muscari tenuiflorum Tausch</li>

<li>Muscari tijtijense (Jafari) Böhnert</li>

<li>Muscari turcicum Uysal, Ertugrul & Dural</li>

<li>Muscari tuzgoluense Yıld.</li>

<li>Muscari vanense Uysal</li>

<li>Muscari vuralii Bagci & Dogu</li>

<li>Muscari wallii Rech.f.</li>

<li>Muscari weissii Freyn</li>

<li>Muscari zagricum Eker, Alipour & Majidi</li></ul>

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The names of some of the species are somewhat confused, especially in the horticultural literature. Thus the name M. racemosum is commonly found as an incorrect synonym for M. neglectum, with M. muscarimi or M. moschatum being used for the true M. racemosum.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Muscari fatmacereniae was recently described from Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Species_now_allocated_to_other_genera">Species now allocated to other genera</h4></div>

<ul><li>Muscari azureum Fenzl, see <a href="Pseudomuscari_azureum" title="Pseudomuscari azureum">Pseudomuscari azureum</a> (Fenzl) Garbari & Greuter<a href="#cite_note-kew_azureum-12">[12]</a></li>

<li>Muscari comosum (L.) Mill., see <a href="Leopoldia_comosa" title="Leopoldia comosa">Leopoldia comosa</a> (L.) Parl.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></li>

<li>Muscari paradoxum (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) K.Koch, see <a href="Bellevalia_paradoxa" title="Bellevalia paradoxa">Bellevalia paradoxa</a> (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Boiss.<a href="#cite_note-kew_paradoxa-14">[14]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2></div>

Some species are among the earliest garden flowers to bloom in the spring. They are planted as <a href="Bulb" title="Bulb">bulbs</a> and tend to multiply quickly (<a href="Naturalization_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalization (biology)">naturalise</a>) when planted in good soils. They prefer well drained sandy soil, that is acid to neutral and not too rich. Naturally found in woodlands or meadows, they are commonly cultivated in lawns, borders, rock gardens and containers. They require little feeding or watering in the summer, and sun or light shade.

The <a href="National_Plant_Collection" title="National Plant Collection">UK National Collection</a> of Muscari is held by Richard Hobbs at his Witton Lane garden in <a href="Little_Plumstead" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Plumstead">Little Plumstead</a>, <a href="Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultivars">Cultivars</h3></div>

<ul><li>M. 'Pink Surprise' was described as "new" in 2011; it has pale pink flowers – a previously unknown colour in the genus – on 10–15 cm (4–6 in) stems.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330271-2">"Muscari Mill"</a>. <a href="Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a>. <a href="Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. Retrieved 9 July 2025.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-KewWC_M-2"><a href="#cite_ref-KewWC_M_2-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFWCSP2023" class="citation cs2">WCSP (2023), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/results?f=accepted_names&q=Muscari">Muscari, in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</a>, The Board of Trustees of the <a href="Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>, retrieved 2023-03-01</cite>, select "Taxonomic rank" > "Species"; and click on "Accepted names only".

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<li id="cite_note-Mathew1987-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mathew1987_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mathew1987_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mathew1987_3-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFMathew1987" class="citation cs2">Mathew, Brian (1987), The Smaller Bulbs, London: B.T. Batsford, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7134-4922-8</bdi></cite>, pp. 124–130

</li>

<li id="cite_note-GarbariGreuter1970-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GarbariGreuter1970_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GarbariGreuter1970_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GarbariGreuter1970_4-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFGarbariGreuter1970" class="citation cs2">Garbari, F. & Greuter, W. (1970), "On the Taxonomy and Typification of Muscari Miller (Liliaceae) and Allied Genera, and on the Typification of Generic Names", Taxon, 19 (3): 329–335, <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970Taxon..19..329G">1970Taxon..19..329G</a>, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1219056">10.2307/1219056</a>, <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1219056">1219056</a></cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-KewWC_Mr-5"><a href="#cite_ref-KewWC_Mr_5-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFWCSP2011" class="citation cs2">WCSP (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do">World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</a>, The Board of Trustees of the <a href="Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>, retrieved 2011-11-14</cite>, search for "Muscari racemosum"

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHyamPankhurst1995" class="citation cs2">Hyam, R. & Pankhurst, R.J. (1995), Plants and their names : a concise dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University Press, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-19-866189-4</bdi></cite>, p. 330

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Bohnert-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bohnert_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bohnert_7-1">b</a> Böhnert, T., Neumann, M., Quandt, D. and Weigend, M. (2023), Phylogeny based generic reclassification of Muscari sensu lato (Asparagaceae) using plastid and genomic DNA. Taxon, 72: 261-277. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12864">https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12864</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFStevens" class="citation cs2">Stevens, P.F., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#Hyacinthaceae">Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Scilloideae</a></cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:24537-1">"Muscarimia Kostel. ex Losinsk"</a>. <a href="Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a>. <a href="Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. Retrieved 9 July 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> See, e.g., <a href="#CITEREFMathew1987">Mathew 1987</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFEker2019" class="citation journal cs1">Eker, İsmai̇l (2019-03-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.397.1.10">"Muscari fatmacereniae (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from southern Anatolia"</a>. Phytotaxa. 397 (1): 99–106. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Phytx.397...99E">2019Phytx.397...99E</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fphytotaxa.397.1.10">10.11646/phytotaxa.397.1.10</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1179-3163">1179-3163</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:92768403">92768403</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-kew_azureum-12"><a href="#cite_ref-kew_azureum_12-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:538451-1">"Muscari azureum Fenzl"</a>. powo.science.kew.org. World Checklist. Retrieved 2023-03-01.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:538476-1">"Muscari comosum (L.) Mill"</a>. powo.science.kew.org. World Checklist. Retrieved 2023-03-01.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-kew_paradoxa-14"><a href="#cite_ref-kew_paradoxa_14-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/results?q=Muscari%20paradoxum">"Bellevalia paradoxa (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Boiss"</a>. powo.science.kew.org. World Checklist. Retrieved 2023-03-01.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muscaricollection.com/muscari-collection">"The National Collection of Muscari at Witton Lane"</a>. Norfolk Plant Heritage. 31 July 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2021.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAnon.2011" class="citation cs2">Anon. (October 2011), "Plant forum: new and interesting plants", The Garden, 136 (10): 11</cite>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Muscari" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Muscari">Muscari</a>.</div></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Muscari" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/Muscari">Muscari</a>.</div></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/muscari" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/muscari">muscari</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020607031752/http://home-3.tiscali.nl/~hennessy/firstpage.htm">M. Philippo, Muscaripages</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090612060824/http://www.rainyside.com/features/plant_gallery/bulbs/Muscari_botryoides.html">Rainy Side Gardeners Muscari botryoides</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091125215925/http://www.theplantexpert.com/springbulbs/Muscari.html">The Plant Expert</a></li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers5128" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers5128" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Taxon identifiers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Muscari</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161151" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q161151">Q161151</a></li>

<li><a href="Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Muscari" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Muscari">Muscari</a></li>

<li><a href="State_Herbarium_of_South_Australia" title="State Herbarium of South Australia">eFloraSA</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/speciesfacts_display.cgi?form=speciesfacts&name=Muscari">Muscari</a></li>

<li><a href="FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/21216">21216</a></li>

<li><a href="Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">FoAO2</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Muscari">Muscari</a></li>

<li><a href="INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/50921">50921</a></li>

<li><a href="Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1264879">1264879</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0000460799">NHMSYS0000460799</a></li>

<li><a href="Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/MUSCA">MUSCA</a></li>

<li><a href="Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A330271-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330271-2</a></li>

<li><a href="Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tropicos.org/name/40023897">40023897</a></li>

<li>VASCAN: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/1440">1440</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Herbarium_of_Victoria" title="National Herbarium of Victoria">VicFlora</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/29a8277e-66df-4cdb-a648-85bcdf02fb42">29a8277e-66df-4cdb-a648-85bcdf02fb42</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=425958">425958</a></li></ul>

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